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Mousehold Heath is an area of heathland and woodland which lies in north east Norwich, England and a designated Local Nature Reserve.〔(Local Nature Reserves in Norwich ) Retrieved 29 June 2011〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mousehold Heath )〕 It is now mostly covered by broad-leaf semi-natural woodland, although some areas of heath remain and are actively managed. ==History== In 1144 the body of a boy, William of Norwich, was found on the heath. The story was circulated that his death was the result of ritual murder carried out by Jews and he attained the status of saint and martyr. This was the first medieval example of blood libel against Jews. A chapel was erected on the site where the body was found, and its remains can still be seen on the northern edge of the present heath. In 1381 the final battle of the Peasants' Revolt took place a few days after a huge meeting of people on the heath occurred on 17 June. There Geoffrey Litster, later to be defeated at the Battle of North Walsham, was proclaimed "King of the Commons".〔Walsingham, Thomas, (Editors Taylor, J., Childs, W. R., Watkiss, L.), The St Albans Chronicle: The Chronica Maiora of Thomas Walsingham Volume I 1376-1394 ISBN 0-19-820471-X〕 In the Tudor period, Mousehold Heath stretched as far north as South Walsham and was round. By 1779, it still stretched to Woodbastwick. In 1549 Robert Kett, rebelling against agricultural hardships, led a large group of men who camped for six weeks on the heath before the uprising, known as Kett's Rebellion, was suppressed. Mousehold Heath was famously painted by a number of the Norwich school artists including John Crome and John Sell Cotman. In his autobiographical work ''Lavengro'' George Borrow records his meetings with gypsies on the heath. The Norwich born novelist, and one time Lord Mayor, R. H. Mottram was another artist who valued the open space of Mousehold Heath. He once described it as "the property of those who have the privilege of Norwich birth". Many parts of the heath are riddled with pits which are the result of sand and gravel extraction in the 19th century and earlier. It also includes the sites of numerous former brick kilns and clay pits. The heath was given to Norwich City Council (then known as the local corporation) to look after on behalf of the citizens of Norwich in 1880 during the mayoralty of Sir Charles Rackham Gilman. This was officially recorded by Parliament in an agreement called the ''Mousehold Heath Confirmation Act''. In 1884, Mousehold Heath Conservators, an independent governing body for the heath, was formed, and Gilman served as the first Chairman of Conservators of the Heath.〔(Searches into the History of the Gillman or Gilman Family, Alexander William Gillman, Eliiot Stock, London, 1895 )〕 In 1984 a new ''Mousehold Heath Act'' became law. By the early 1900s, Mousehold Heath was open countryside with virtually no trees - a classic heathland landscape. The area was kept open by grazing animals and by local people collecting bedding and feed for livestock and fuel for the winter. As the way people lived changed, these traditions disappeared. This resulted in a gradual loss of open heath to scrub and woodland. The area between the Salhouse and Plumstead roads (outside of the outer ring road) was originally the Cavalry training ground and then became the Royal Flying Corps Mousehold Heath aerodrome where Boulton Paul, among other manufacturers, passed over the aircraft they made for service. After the First World War, Boulton and Paul continued to use the site which then became the first Norwich Airport. The whole area is now the Heartsease housing estate. A tram line used to run through the heath, and its route is now a pathway through the wooded area to the left of Gurney Road. Ron Saunders, the Norwich City Football Club manager, used to use the hills near the Britannia Barracks to train the players. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mousehold Heath」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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